The Rights And Civil Liberties - 1558 Words

As American citizens, we are given essential rights and civil liberties that places limits on government power. These rights are known as the Bill of Rights; the first 10 amendments to the United States Constitution. One right in particular I want to discuss is the Fourth Amendment. The Fourth Amendment is known as the right against â€Å"unreasonable search and seizures.† It is the basis of the law with regards to stop-and-frisk, search warrants, wiretaps, and other forms of surveillance. This Amendment states that â€Å"The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.† The Supreme Court decided that without a warrant, searches are presumed unreasonable, and any evidence seized will not be admissible in court unless an exception to the warrant requirement is proven, such as the â€Å"good faith† exception. Even though the Fourth Amendment made an attempt to ensure the privacy of citizens, technological advances have made that challenging. The use of technology by law enforcement has been around for centuries and has expanded extensively over the past two decades. Telephone tapping, CCTV, GPS tracking, â€Å"bugging†, eavesdropping, night vision, and computer surveillance are many forms of a type of search andShow MoreRelatedCivil Liberties And Civil Rights1149 Words   |  5 PagesWhat Role Does Our Civil Liberty and Rights Play In Our Government System? Have you ever put some thought into how our Civil Liberties and Civil Rights work in our system or even attempt to figure out what they are? Our government system comprises Civil Liberties and Rights that are similar in ways and different in others, but one of them can have the most influence on your life. 1 Civil Liberties and Civil Rights are rights that we have as Americans. Civil Liberties are basic rights and freedoms thatRead MoreCivil Rights And Civil Liberties1157 Words   |  5 PagesSharifian 01 Oct. 2017 Civil rights and civil liberties Every citizen of the country is bounded and benefited with the freedom of Civil rights and Civil liberty. Civil right is the right of the citizen to be equally and fairly treated by the government, written in the 14th Amendment. Civil right moment was mainly focused only on the slaved, African American people. Then civil liberties firstly, not only protected the rights of African American people, it also included the right of gay, lesbian and femaleRead MoreCivil Liberties And Civil Rights1500 Words   |  6 PagesAssignment One: Civil Liberties v. Civil Rights Linsey (Lins) Morgan - Student ID: 3104067 GOVT - 2305 - 71063 Northlake College Had I been born a mere 60 years earlier, I would likely be in jail. Before discussing the U.S. Supreme Court decision which has preserved my freedom, I would like to examine the nature of civil rights and civil liberties. Next, we will look at some of the historical context which would have found me jailed. Lastly, we will conclude by looking at the impact of the U.S. SupremeRead MoreCivil Liberties And Civil Rights1318 Words   |  6 Pageschanges in order to protect the rights of U.S. citizens. Moreover, these changes have occurred by much insistence and court cases from the people. Out of these changes, civil rights and civil liberties have erupted in order to protect the lives of citizens even more. Who we are as citizens of the United States can be characterized by the concept of civil rights and civil liberties, the idea that the constitution protects the major rights enumerated in the Bill of Rights, marginalized groups, the secondRead MoreCivil Liberties And The Civil Rights 902 Words   |  4 Pagescountry. This is where our civil sequences: Liberties and Rights, keep our country intact. 1 Both Civil Liberties and Rights are granted and defined in the Constitution. We must continue enforcing our civil sequences to maintain order for ourselves, our states, our government, and our nation. Civil Liberties focus on our basic freedoms as Americans and Civil Rights are concerned with rights regarding the treatment of an individual. 2 Definitely a Civil Liberty is ‘the basic right to be free from unequalRead MoreCivil Liberties And Civil Rights1081 Words   |  5 Pages1 McGahey 3 Megan McGahey Sherry Sharifian GOVT 2305 71430 20 September 2017 Civil Liberties vs. Civil Rights In the U.S. most use the terms Civil Liberties and Civil Rights interchangeably; although they both protect the freedom of citizens they do this in different ways. 2 Civil Liberties are limitations placed on the government. These are things the government is restricted to do, by the constitution. Things that could interfere with personal freedom. 3 For example, the 1st amendment says thatRead MoreCivil Liberties And Civil Rights960 Words   |  4 Pagesvoting are very important aspects of shaping the government. Without certain civil rights being granted by the government, these important rights of expression and suffrage would not exist. There is a difference between civil liberties and civil rights in relation to the government. Civil liberties refer to an individual’s unalienable freedoms that cannot be taken away by political intervention. On the other hand, civil rights are provided by the government in order to promote equality. This ideologyRead MoreCivil Rights And Civil Liberties910 Words   |  4 PagesSept/30/2017 Civil rights v. Civil Liberties Civil rights and civil liberties are the rights and freedom both made for good of communities and country. Both are introduced to benefit citizen of the country. A Civil right is mainly about the fair treatment with every person which is protected by the fourteenth amendment. â€Å"It was first introduced after civil right movement which was mainly about the true equality among African American who were mainly treated as slaves.† (1, FindLaw). But now the civil rightRead MoreCivil Liberties And Civil Rights1365 Words   |  6 PagesCivil Liberties E valuation America, a country founded on civil liberties and civil rights which are very strongly protected by law. The United States constitution specifically address the rights and freedoms that all Americans are guaranteed. Now over 200 hundred years later, the United States has rapidly grown, global travel has become more efficient, and threats that were not even imagine now exist. The question that many Americans ask today is has this changed our perception on our civil libertiesRead MoreCivil Rights and Civil Liberties1356 Words   |  6 PagesThe Thirteenth Amendment ended slavery and African American slaves gained their freedom during the Civil War; however, this did not mean they were fully integrated into American society. After the war, Southern Whites faced a crisis. The emancipation of slaves and the Fourteenth Amendment’s guarantee of citizenship undermined their assertion that citizenship was for Whites only. The clear line between Whites who ruled and Blacks who were rul ed became vulnerable. Since Whites slave owners could no

Enrons Business Failure Paper - 986 Words

Enron Business Failure Paper Abstract The following paper will explain the reason of why Enron as a company failed. It will compare and contrast the contributions of leadership, management and organizational structures to the failure. Enron, was the worlds top electrical, communications, pulp and paper, and natural gas company. Unfortunately, in late 2001 the company started to unravel. Enron was on the brink of bankruptcy and even an attempt to be bought out by a smaller company called Dynegy, could not save Enron. The company was in financial ruin as their stocks dropped from over 90.00 dollars to practically nothing. A scandal was revealed that involved the companies own accounting firm, Arthur Anderson, and Enron. It was†¦show more content†¦Even a code of ethics for senior corporate financial officers is now a requirement of the law. Such methods include internal control, corporate governance, and code of ethics.† (Sarbanes-Oxley Act, 2009), (Chron.com. 2009)Corporate governanceUnder the new structure the board would maintain and develop a business structure that would make certain cooperation and collaboration between employees and management will pursue objectives and goals of the organizatio n instead of what management wants to do. (CNN Money.com, 2009)Code of EthicsUnder the new structure, Management would be responsible for the code of ethics and to encourage the significance of corporate morals and standards of ethics. By doing this, will push management to operate in a leadership manner and not just overseeing internal control systems. By continuously being compliant in all areas of power will help rebalance and reshape corporate authority, encourage ethical corporate behavior, prevent management fraud and guarantee accurate account reporting. (CNN Money.com, 2009)Internal controlIn the past, molding the employee’s actions and operations was the main focus of management’s internal control. Nonetheless, in the latest configuration, the employees would now have control to stop improper overrides formerly handled by the managers. GivingShow MoreRelatedManagement Organization1074 Words   |  5 PagesManagement Organization In any business, leadership management’s responsibility is to provide a safe and comfortable working environment, using appropriate communication skills, operating with the highest possible ethical standards, being fair, provide compensation to the employees increasing motivation for the employees to work at his or her fullest potential. This paper will discuss Enron, and the business failure that occurred. At one time, Enron was one of the largest energy providers in AmericaRead MoreBusiness Failure Paper1045 Words   |  5 PagesRUNNING HEAD: Enron’s Failure Enron’s Failure Stacey A. Weinert University of Phoenix Abstract This paper will discuss the business failure of one of the largest energy companies in the world, Enron Corporation. I will discuss the leadership, management, and organizational structure of the company and how this failure could have been prevented. Company Overview Enron Corporation was an American energy company in downtown Houston, Texas. Enron employed more than 22,000 workers andRead MoreAgency Theory : Relationship Between Agents And The Business Essay1550 Words   |  7 PagesManager Behavior Agency Theory is the relationship between agents in a business and the business principals. Agency theory is also concerned with undertaking problems that can exist in the agency relationships due to irregular goals or different aversion levels of risk. Enron, was the world’s largest energy company in 2001. Enron forerunner, Northern Gas Company was incorporated in Delaware on April 25, 1930. From this date through July 1985, Enron had hundreds of purchases and new sub-entityRead MoreReasons for Enrons Business Failure1434 Words   |  6 PagesEnron - Reasons for Business Failure Abstract Various major companies in the past have witnessed unimaginable growth of their businesses, but some of them eventually had to succumb to downfall as their business models failed. Most of these businesses had been deemed as failures due to the management methods, leadership practices and flawed organizational structures. This research paper aims to focus on Enron, a large entity as a failed model of business. This would be achieved by discussing aboutRead MoreThe Enron Dilemma And Catholic Social Teaching1573 Words   |  7 PagesThe Enron Dilemma and Catholic Social Teaching The business world is an interesting environment that is often described as heartless and cutthroat. However, while it is described that way, ethics do still apply to the business world. Companies and corporations are expected to adhere to the ethical code that has become engrained in business world. Unfortunately, however, despite the existence of that expectation, some companies and corporations do not always act in an ethical manner. Enron is an exampleRead MoreEssay about The Downfall of Enron1734 Words   |  7 Pagesto lawfulness, societal standards, and things of that nature. In the business world, ethics commonly refer to acceptable and unacceptable business practices within the workplace, and all other related environments. The acceptance of colleges regardless of ethnicity, gender, and beliefs, as well as truthfulness and honesty in relation to finances within the company are examples of ideal ethical business conducts. Unethical business behavior would include manipulatin g procedures based on bias or discriminationRead MoreFailure Of Responsible Management : Enron Corporation1645 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction This report is select to investigate an example, which failure of responsible management. The Enron Corporation is an example, because Enron event is the typical case for organization failure of responsible management In the end of 2001, Enron scandal has been disclosure, Enron stock prices slumped, and its financial tricks was exposed. The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) began survey of company s records. Enron’s auditor ‘Arthur Andersen ‘destroys relevant documents. (Ailon, GRead MoreThe Collapse Of Enron And Enron1736 Words   |  7 PagesFortune used to rank Enron as the most successful business in the United States. The collapse of Enron was shocked the whole world energy trading market. It caused significant losses to investors. In this paper shows analysis reason of factors that lead to Enron demise and also lessons can be learnt from Enron case study. The approach which have used in this paper to respond, the case study question are the background of the case organization and how business structure had been use by the case organizationRead MoreEnron And Its Impact On Enron s Downfall Essay1492 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract recent collapses of high profile business failures like Enron,Worldcom,Parmlat,and Tycohasbeen a subject of great debate among regulators, investors, government and academics in the recent past. Enron’s case was the greatest failure in the history of American capitalism and had a major impact on financial markets by causing significant losses to investors. Enron was a company ranked by Fortune as the most innovative company in the United States; it exemplified the transition from the productionRead MoreEnron Accounting Scandal1706 Words   |  7 Pagesthere are political and business fraud happening, and most of it goes unnoticed. No company wants to admit that there was a problem or that people within the company are not trust worthy. However, when executives in large corporations take scandal to the extreme, there is no way of keeping out of the spot light. Unfortunately, scandals are the tip of the iceberg. They represent visible failures and companies could really go d own for such setbacks. Especially in Enron’s case during 2001, an accounting

Managing High Performance Work Teams Free Essays

Relationship to Management In order to facilitate optimal efficiency in an organization, there are a lot of factors to consider first like the financial stability, economic and market stability, and internal stability. As for the scope of this paper, all of the discussion will give emphasis on the role of internal stability on the success of an organization.  Internal stability may originate on how well the key persons of an organization work with respect to one another, like for instance, the organizational structure or the type of managerial strategy that is being implemented by the management. We will write a custom essay sample on Managing High Performance Work Teams or any similar topic only for you Order Now Actually, there are two approaches in managing an organization namely: first, letting the employees to use their creativity in handling various situations concerning the company without the supervision from the top officials; and the existence of a manager to supervise and delegate task to the employees. From the said two management approaches, it is the former which is more efficient and effective especially if the employees has enough skills and responsible enough to handle various tasks concerning the entire organization. In this regard, the idea of High Performance Work Teams arises. High Performance Work Team is basically comprises of two or more individuals working together in order to attain specific goals or objectives (Barkman, 1993). Oftentimes, this type of groups works independently without the need of supervision coming from any of the top officials for they have enough skills and talents to almost handle the tasks of a manager. Moreover, this kind of group has the ability to perform at the highest level even for an extended period of time. Most of the organization nowadays uses High Performance Work Team in order to manage an organizational conflict which concerns various department of an organization or just to maintain and develop good working relationship among members. Just like what has been discussed a while ago, High Performance Work Team can almost take the place of a manager since the group can even handle the facilitation of meetings and develop goals and plans. This is how flexible High Performance Work Team is. On the other hand, effective leadership also plays a vital role for the attainment of harmonious working environment and relationship among the members of the organization (Bolen, 2001). Leaders are the one responsible for delegating the task and solicit ideas from its members and collaborating those ideas into a more efficient and effective ideas. It is also the leaders who take the initiative to influence its members to perform their responsibilities and the one responsible for motivating all the members of the organization. Furthermore, one of the qualities that a leader must posses would be the ability to determine long term opportunities in order to provide the organization sustainable development (Clark, 2007). In other words, a leader must visualize the future of the organization and do not just focus on what is currently at hand in the short run. Short run goals are being handled by a manager but when it comes to visualizing the long term welfare of the organization it is the job of a leader. In this regard, it is clear that a leader and a great manager, may it be an individual or a group of people like High Performance Work Team, plays a vital role on the stability and success of the organization at present and in the near future. This is the reason why they are very important key person in the management team of an organization for they are the one who drives the entire organization towards the attainment of their set goals and objectives. Pioneer Sector/s Actually both private and government sector already implements High Performance Work Team; but it is the private sector that pioneered High Performance Work Place General Electric, Kraft Foods and Exelon. In the U.S. alone, High Performance Work Team gain acceptance in the corporate world during the 1980s when Boeing, Digital Equipment Corporation [presently known as HP] among others, adopted the said managerial strategy. With the said implementation of High Performance Work Team to the said identified organization, there exist major changes happened especially in organizational culture and merging of the goals of the organization with the social needs of the individuals. In just a few years after High Performance Work Team was presented to the corporate world, it already reached quantum leap in business result in the entire key success dimension together with the customer, employee, shareholder and operational value added dimensions. On the other hand, there is no exact date when effective leadership was really started entering into the idealism of the corporate world. But one thing is for sure, it is not only in the private sector where effective leadership is being implemented, even in the government sector it is also being widely used. Successful Company through HPWT One of the possible organizations that successfully mastered High Performance Work Team will be the Kraft Foods. At present, Kraft Foods leads the industry of branded foods and beverages locally and internationally. With its strategy of exploring the international market during the years wherein the domestic market was already becoming saturated, Kraft Foods was able to boost its profitability and market influence. Moreover, in order to successfully penetrate their target market, Kraft Foods entered merging, buy other food companies in the industry, and make partnership with other food companies from other countries. This market entrance strategy works well so far for the company based on their market position and influence. Because of the diversity caused by the identified market entry strategy of Kraft Foods can hinder the attainment of optimal efficiency and effectiveness of the entire personnel of the company, the Kraft Foods executives resulted to implementing High Performance Work Team which was comprised by representatives from different departments of a given branch of Kraft Foods to resolve diversity conflict and simplify the organizational structure in such a way wherein all of the employees of the company can work in harmony with one another. Diversity related issues and complexity of the organizational structure of Kraft Foods caused inefficiency in executing various operational procedures and strategies of the company as well as the depreciation of the performance of every employee due to their diversity (findarticles.com, 2005) and (Hopkins, 2005). The reason why the members of the High Performance Work Team of Kraft Foods came from the different departments of the company was to be able to have equal representation of voices of various groups of individual working in the company so that at the end of the day, whatever the solution will the High Performance Work Team arrive every welfare and interest was put into consideration. True enough, by the start of 2005, the efficiency and effectiveness of Kraft Foods improved which can be seen on the profitability level of the company and the fact rate of its expansion in the market which made the company among the top multinational companies around the globe. With the simplification of the organizational structure and solving the diversity related problems of the company through the use of High Performance Work Team, business transaction has been executed faster and the harmonious working relationship among the members of the company provide enough motivation for every employee to perform their task to their full potential. On the other hand, the CEO of Kraft Foods, Irene Rosenfeld, was able to provide the company sustainable growth by the time the domestic market started to become saturated to their product line and visualizes the entry of the company to the international market. In this regard, the effective leadership comes into the picture of Kraft Foods’ success for the past years. Not only this, Rosenfeld was able to spot the diversity related issue problem and immediately find a solution to the said organizational conflict which is one of the tasks of a leader for an effective leadership of its members. With the existence of Rosenfeld to Kraft Foods, there is no doubt that the company successfully implemented not only High Performance Work Team but also the Effective Leadership. References Bolen, M. (2001). Effective Leadership. Retrieved March 18, 2008, from http://www1.agric.gov.ab.ca/$department/deptdocs.nsf/all/agdex1334 Clark, D. (2007). Concepts of Leadership. Retrieved March 18, 2008, from http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/leader/leadcon.html findarticles.com (2005). Kraft Foods Announces Additional Simplification Initiatives. Retrieved March 18, 2008, from http://findarticles.com/?noadc=1 How to cite Managing High Performance Work Teams, Essay examples

Resistance in Change free essay sample

There are various forms of resistance. It is important to know what the reasons and consequences are. What gives strength to resist and where does it come from? Past events Resistance can be the result of bad experience in past events. Power The more power is shared, the stronger is the resistance, because it is almost impossible to establish the change. Absence of a clear need or desire for change Then higher it is, the higher the resistance will be. The people have to think that the change is really necessary and urgent. This can be reached for example through ime pressure. Scope and complexity of the change The bigger the change, the greater the resistance. For example just the mentioning of a larger scope can cause resistance. Uncertainty – Old habits People may resist change because they are worried they work and lives will be affected in a bad way. They are used to the way they work now and don’t want to change it. We will write a custom essay sample on Resistance in Change or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They feel comfortable. Concern over personal loss People are worried they will lose because of the change things like power, prestige, salary or quality of work. Group Resistance Groups have norms of behaviour and performance that are communicated to members. If omebody wants to change these norms, there will be resistance. Dependence Dependency on other people is on itself not bad, but if it is too extreme, dependency on others can lead to resistance to change. For example a worker, which is highly dependent on his leader will not accept any change without asking him for a recommendation. Trust in management On the one hand, if a change is proposed when trust is low, a natural first reaction is to resist it. On the other hand, when trust is high, people are more likely to support the change. Further, resistance is present at three levels: individual, group and organizational: Fear of the unknown Lack of trust in others A need for security A desire to maintain the status quo Cynicism, negative attitude Low levels of appreciation †¢ †¢ Poor decision making One part of a term not knowing what the other part is doing No benchmark for quality Accepting the obvious Lack of loyalty Uncertainty †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Table from â€Å"Learning to change† Collective perception Conflicting values and norms Thinking about the â€Å"good old days† Strong pressure to conform Defending balances of status/power Mutual overdependence †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ 1 How to recognize and acknowledge resistance First of all, it is very important to know how to recognize resistance. After you know how to recognize it, you can move further and handle it. Unexplained physical illnesses Are workers complaining of for example increased headaches, muscle aches, and other physical diseases, which cannot be explained? Increased absenteeism Are people arriving later and leaving earlier? Are hardworking employees missing work for the first times? Communication Are employees speaking in bad tones? Is there rumour about the implications of the change? Low productivity Do the employees look busy but producing little or no work product? Team pirit Is the team spirit so depressed that everyone is doing his or her own thing without much direction or purpose? Lack of morale and motivation Do people appear idly, bored, and unwilling to undertake new projects or responsibilities? How to handle resistance If resistance is recognized, it’s very important to handle it. Otherwise the whole change process is in danger. So the question is: How can resistance be handled? Communication It is possible to reduce the resistance if you communicate with the people to help them to see that the change is really needed, for example through face- ­? to- ­? face discussions or a roup presentation. Poor communication is often a factor for failure. Sell the benefits When dealing with someone who resists the change, first elicit the reason for doing so. Then carefully list the benefits of the change. Involvement People should be involved in the change process. If they can express their view on the change and suggest adjustments, there will be less resistance. Support It is important that leaders support the change process. They should listen to people’s ideas, be approachable, etc. For example difficult changes may require staff development, this can help to minimize the resistance. Negotiation nd Agreement Providing motivations for cooperation, for example salary increases or bonuses, can neutralize resistance. Manipulation It is an inexpensive way to influence resisters to accept the change, but it is also very dangerous. If people become aware they are being tricked, the leader’s believability will shrink dramatically. Compulsion Some changes require fast implementation. If people resist anyway too hard against the change, they can be threatened with for example job loss, salary freeze or a job transfer. This is really the last solution. It has a lot of negative effects like frustration, fear or revenge.

Ap World Dbq Christian and Islam Attitude Towards Merchants Essay Example

Ap World Dbq Christian and Islam Attitude Towards Merchants Essay Example Ap World Dbq Christian and Islam Attitude Towards Merchants Paper Ap World Dbq Christian and Islam Attitude Towards Merchants Paper Using the Documents, compare and contrast the differences of Christian and Islamic attitudes towards merchants until about 1500. From a review of the 7 documents presented, it is clear that Christianity and Islam condemned inequitable trade, which led to many Christians and Muslims to look down upon merchants; however, honest business, especially as a merchant, is honored highly. In fact, the Quran compares fair merchants to martyrs which were some of the holiest people of all [D2]. However, many Christian and Muslim believers found most merchants to be dishonest and greedy. A Christian scholar describes a merchants job and then concludes that when a person sells something for more than it is worth, it is unjust and unlawful [D4]. An influential Muslim scholar ventured to say that flattery, and evasiveness, litigation and disputation were all characteristic of a merchants profession [D5]. Even common people, like a Christian mother scolds her own son, a merchant, for being greedy [D6]. Muslim law, as time went one, continued to allowed merchants to trade, but some instances of trade were rebuked by whole towns [D7]. Many encouraged generosity and viewed a merchant turning from his profession as a good thing as seen in Godrics life, who was a merchant and then devoted his life to charity and solitude [D3]. Furthermore, the Bible warns all that it is extremely hard for a rich man to enter the kingdom of heaven [D1]. Also, to fully understand how Christianity and Islam viewed merchants. From Christians viewed merchants as often easily corrupted by riches, whereas Islam encouraged fair trade; however by 1500, Christians and Muslims both viewed merchants as immoral, unjust people. The Bible never specifically addressed merchants, whereas the Quran did. The holy book of the Muslims specifically named merchants as good people, but only if they were honest. Unequal transactions, however, were condemned by both Islam and Christianity. Both faiths glorified fair dealings between people, though. Thomas Aquinas clearly states to sell a thing for more than its worth, or to buy it for less than its worth, is unjust. [D4] This clearly shows why Christianity is opposed to merchants business in 1273. Ibn Khaldun, in the 14th century, also explains why he and other Muslims view erchants are not worthy of respect. Aquinas and Khaldun clarify why their faiths look down upon merchants. Also, a merchants mother gave the perspective of a common Christians view of merchants. Her obvious chastisement and command to crave not for all; you already have enough to suffice you! [D6]. Common people also thought merchants craved for money, as seen in this mothers letter. Islam and Chr istianity always to commended honest business and condemned greedy, inequitable trade; however, Islam did have a high opinion of merchants but came to agree with Christians that merchants were not respectable. Between 70 CE and 1500 CE, Christians and Muslims changed in their opinion of merchants, but stayed the same in their view of equitable transactions between people. Matthew, in the New Testament, records Jesus commenting on how hard it is for rich people to have their hearts in the right place, but he doesnt condemn the people for having money [D1]. Christians didnt specifically revile merchants specifically at this point in 70 CE. The honest, truthful Muslim merchant was praised for his reputable work, even being compared to martyrs in the Quran [D2]. As time went on, educated Christian and Muslim scholars began to voice why they both believed merchants to be immoral people [D4 and D5]. Merchants jobs were described as needing flattery, and evasiveness, litigation and disputation, and in the eyes of Muslims, this was sinful and disgraceful [D5]. In Christianity and Islam, in later years both hold merchants in low regard, but earlier on had varying opinions of money and merchants. The attitudes towards merchants varied between different sources; the holy books had a different written record of its outlook on merchants than other people recorded. The Bible warns people of the dangers of riches because Jesus claimed that it would be easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle, than for a rich man to enter heaven [D1]. This Holy Scripture is considered to be absolute truth to Christians, so this influenced the Christian mentality toward wealthy people. On the other hand, the Quran gives a blessing to a truthful Muslim merchant [D2]. However, religious scholars judged merchants more harshly. A Muslim scholar scolded merchants because their trade inevitably affect[ed] [their] soul [D5]. Aquinas viewed trade as unjust and unlawful. Commoners such as a merchants mother scolded her son because he was greedy although he had aqquir[ed] great riches in this world [D6]. The Holy Scriptures didnt condemn merchants directly, whereas the writings of other people of faith did. While Reginalds personal account of his friends life is helpful in understanding a Chrisitians view on the life of a merchant, it is, however, bias because R eginald was a monk, and monks were raised with a very dismal view of anything that didnt pertain to God [D3]. In the 2nd Century, monks were distinguished Christians who devoted their entire life to their faith. They were a part of asceticism, which was a mentality that the world was completely evil and material objects were only a hindrance to their faith. Ascetics denied themselves of almost every pleasure that wasnt from the worship or will of God. Since monks were raised with the sole mindset that money and worldly goals and aspirations were evil, it makes sense that Reginald would consider a merchants life full of great labors and only bearing of worthless worldly gain [D3]. He stated that Godric was yearning with his whole heart for greed and money, and not for God. However, as soon as Godric gave up his profession for a life similar to a monks, Reginald characterized Godrics life as devoted to Gods honor and service [D3]. Naturally, Reginalds account of St. Godric would be bias because of his strict, ascetic mindset towards money and worldly possessions. Although a personal letter correspondence between a merchant provides insight to the personal lives of merchants, it is bias because the merchant doesnt want to spend much money on religious paintings, but his mother wants him to be a religious man [D6]. The Italian merchant is objective about the cost and appearance of the paintings he will buy because he doesnt want to waste his hard earned money. Naturally, this is a motive for him besides his dedication to his faith. His mother on the other hand wants him to buy something beautiful in the name of the Lord and chastises him for toil[ing] so much only or the good of strangers [D6]. She wants him to buy the paintings so that she feels he is devoted to the God she believes will judge him one day. She is frustrated and demands he crave not for all because he already [has] enough to suffice him! [D6]. This letter is bias because the merchant doesnt wish to waste money and the mother wants him to buy religious paintings. While the given documents are sufficient, 2 more additional documents can help us further our understanding of Islams and Christianitys attitudes towards merchants. In the New Testament, 1 Timothy chapter 6, it says that the love of money is the root of all evil. This further explains that the Bible doesnt condemn merchants, but the unhealthy obsession of money which many merchants possess. This passage heavily affected peoples opinion of merchants because a merchant spend nearly all of his time buying and selling goods for the sole purpose of acquiring wealth. Also, to understand another cultures perspective on merchants, a Confucian writing from the Ming Dynasty would be helpful. This document describes the social hierarchy at the time. In the 14th century, merchants were considered beneath many social classes. The society also looked down upon merchants, even though the Chinese were mostly Confucian and didnt believe in a deity. This widespread mentality towards merchants could also affected Christians and Muslims opinions on the profession. The excerpt from the New Testament and the Confucian document furthermore support that many cultures looked down upon merchants. From a review of all the documents, it is clear from religious texts and written accounts of believers opinions on merchants that Muslims and Christians praised fair trade, but condemned most merchants because many merchants were not honest.

Abortion Ethics Essay Sample

Abortion Ethics Essay Sample Abortion Ethics Essay The abortion debate has been in the mainstream media for a long time now. Since the Roe vs. Wade case in 1973, there emerged two factions (pro-choice and pro-life) that have always held disputing arguments over the issue of abortion. These two have continued to disagree long after the Supreme Court made their decision in 1973. People in the pro-choice group believe that the right to abortion is a woman’s choice and the final decision must always be with her. Their stance is based on the argument that women have the right to decide over their bodies and therefore, should be left to make the choice. Conversely, the pro-life faction believes that it is unethical and immoral to terminate a pregnancy. To them, abortion is synonymous to killing because it helps end the life of a human organism. The arguments presented are indeed valid and cannot be easily ignored. Currently, with technology advancing at a high rate, the process of abortion has become easy and less painful. However, is it ethical or moral? Another question that needs clarification are fetuses people and do they have the same rights as people? The answer to the second question is the most important and should help to shed light on the first question. First of all, a fetus is a human organism and comparing it to cells is wrong. Each fetus translates to a life and terminating one is the same as ending the life of another person. People in the pro-choice category believe that women have a right to decide what happens to their bodies. While this point does indeed make sense, it should never be a case for abortion. The above is because we consider killing a crime and the same way it is wrong to kill a person now, it should also be wrong to kill one early or during the fetal stage. Human beings develop but never change. We are and have always been the same organism throughout our existence and therefore, just like it is wrong to kill us now, it should warrant punishment to terminate a pregnancy. Pro-choicers often argue against the above notion by saying that we are not the same and have, currently, developed complex functionalities compared to how we were before. However, the truth is, we remain the same being regardless of how much w e develop. Who is a person and why should or at what stage of our life should one be considered a person. The universal belief of personhood holds that a person has a certain moral status which must never be breached or violated unless the measures involved are extreme. It is often argued that it is wrong to kill a person because it would rob them off their future, relationships, and future accomplishments. Some philosophers argue that the need to fulfill certain goals in life as well as experience our lives is what makes us persons. Pro-choicers often use this argument to argue that a fetus does not qualify to be considered a person because they do not yet hold the capacity to yearn for their future. However, the above sentiment forms the argument of shunning abortion because the world should, therefore, strive to let the fetuses develop. Terminating a pregnancy steals the future, future experiences and accomplishments, and relationships for a person. Just like we have developed to the point o f yearning and pursuing our goals, fetuses should also be left to develop to the same point. Finally, fetuses do have a right to life just like a fully grown person. The same way the women have a right to their bodies is exactly the same way that fetuses have a right to live. Babies need their mothers or special attention especially at the early stages of their lives. They cannot survive on their own and therefore, have to be fed and taken care of. As dependent as they are on other people, babies are said to have a right to life. Fetuses, on the other hand, are said to lack the right to life. However, the above should not be the case because they just like babies, fetuses are at stages of development where they are dependent on women. Therefore, they do possess a right to live. The pro-life and pro-choice lot never see eye-to-eye on a number of occasions. However, they often agree that abortion should be allowed on a number of occasions. For example, when the life of the mother is at stake when the child would be born with complications, if the conception is as a result of rape or sexual abuse, etc. These arguments are indeed valid and mainly represent the one time that pro-choicers and pro-lifers agree. In conclusion, abortion is indeed ethically wrong and should warrant punishment. While it should be allowed on a number of occasions, it should not be left to the women to decide whether it is okay or not. Fetuses are developing and terminating a pregnancy robs them off their future experiences, accomplishments, and relationships.

Movie Crash Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Crash - Movie Review Example As the discussion outlines that  the movie opens following a car accident involving detective Graham Waters (black) and Ria (Latino), his partner, and Kim Lee (Asian). While the two women exchange racial insults, the detective decides to take a look at the crime scene close by, but he soon gains a horrified face expression. A day earlier, a Persian man and his daughter try to buy a gun, but they face racial discrimination at the shop when the owner refuses to sell it to them; after suffering verbal sexual assaults, Dorri (the daughter) manages to buy the gun and an unspecified type of ammunition.  This study declares that detectives Waters and Ria arrive on a scene of a shooting between two drivers; the surviving one turns out to be an undercover policeman (white), while the dead one was black. Even if detective Waters suspects that the dead back driver was engaged in illegal affairs, he is forced to keep that piece of information to himself by one of Rick Cabot’s councilo rs, who was trying to win the black vote for the elections.  At his home, Daniel tries to comfort his daughter Lara, who was scared of gun shots, by giving her a protective â€Å"invisibility impenetrable cloak†; afterwards, he goes out for another job, which happens to be for the Persian shopkeeper; Daniel replaces a lock on a door, but tell the Persian that the door needs to be fixed itself; the shopkeeper doesn’t want to listen, accusing Daniel of cheating.